On minimizing cyclists’ ascent times

We prove that, given an average power, the ascent time is minimized if a cyclist maintains a constant ground speed regardless of the slope. Herein, minimizing the time is equivalent to maximizing — for a given uphill — the corresponding mean ascent velocity (VAM: velocità ascensionale media), which is a common training metric. We illustrate the proof with numerical examples, and show that, in general, maintaining a constant instantaneous power results in longer ascent times; both strategies result in the same time if the slope is constant. To remain within the athlete’s capacity, we examine the effect of complementing the average-power constraint with a maximum-power constraint. Even with this additional constraint, the ascent time is the shortest with a modified constant-speed — not constant-power — strategy; as expected, both strategies result in the same time if the maximum and average powers are equal to one another. Given standard available information — including level of fitness, quantified by the power output, and ascent profile — our results allow to formulate reliable and convenient strategies of uphill timetrials.